There is some disagreement between the courts in the way they are interpreting and applying the MCS-90 Endorsement and its relationship to the underlying insurance policy.

The majority of jurisdictions consider the insurer’s obligations under the MCS-90 endorsement to be that of a surety and not a modification of the insurance policy. Under the majority

The Carmack Amendment to the Interstate Commerce Act generally imposes strict liability on motor carriers for actual loss or injury to property which occurs during interstate shipments.

However, there are five (5) exceptions outlined in the Carmack Amendment that a motor carrier can use to deny liability for freight claims. The burden of proof for

Congress enacted the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 to regulate interstate transportation. Then in 1906 it enacted the Carmack Amendment. The purpose of the Carmack Amendment is to establish uniform federal guidelines designed to remove the uncertainty surrounding a carrier’s liability when damage occurs to a shipper’s interstate shipment. The provisions and limitations of the